Now think back to the Activity 6 data file for Statistics lecture 7 (Comparing means - part 2). Remember that this is a within-subject design, as the same participants complete all levels of the IV, so eventually (after checking test assumptions) you might decide that a paired-samples t-test is appropriate. To investigate this, you would collect data from a sample and run an inferential statistical test on the condition means. Let’s assume your aim is to find out if RTs on incongruent trials are on average significantly slower than RTs on congruent trials. Accordingly, your output file has 72 rows corresponding to the experimental trials in the experiment. Imagine you completed a version of the task consisting of 72 trials, 36 of which were congruent and 36 incongruent, on PsychoPy. A congruent trial is when target and flankers require the same response (e.g. “SSSSS”), and an incongruent trial is when target and flankers require different responses (e.g., “SSHSS”). For example, participants might be required to press left when the target is “H” and right when the target is “S”. In the simplest version of the task, there might just be two letters that make up the stimuli. Remember that on each trial there is a target that is relevant to the task and that next to the target there are irrelevant flankers. Let’s return to our classic letter flanker task.
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